Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Conventional treatments for this condition include lifestyle modification, medications, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation. However, considerable attention has been directed toward alternative therapies, especially herbal treatments, as they are recognized to be safer and more beneficial due to their multifunctional bioactive components. This study highlights various medicinal plants and their potential in managing osteoporosis, their applications in traditional medicine, and their growing acceptance in contemporary medical practices.Traditional medicine resources, including Tuhfat ul-Momineen, Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, Makhzan al-Adwiya, Exir–i Azam, Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi and Tibb-i Akbari and reputable scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar, were reviewed with keywords such as Sowda (black bile) production, osteoporosis, bone fracture, bone/tendon strengthening, and effective herbal compounds (phytochemicals) on osteoporosis. Additionally, the scientific names and mechanisms of action of these compounds were matched with modern scientific sources, and evidence of their efficacy was analyzed.In this study, medicinal plants such as Elderberry, Acacia, Sesame, Coriander, Turmeric, Moong Dal, Black Seed, Ginger, Olive, Sodab, Red Clover and Dates were identified as having a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. The active compounds in these plants stimulate mesenchymal stem osteoblasts and increase the expression of proteins related to bone formation, improving calcium and mineral absorption. These findings suggest the potential use of medicinal plants as complementary or alternative treatments for enhancing and repairing osteoporosis.The results of this study indicate that the use of medicinal plants can be considered as an effective strategy in managing osteoporosis and improving bone health, which requires further research to confirm and develop treatments. |
