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Evaluation of the chemical compositions of Anbarnesa smoke from both male and female genus of Equus asinus via GC/MS, and its antioxidant properties
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Mohamad Norani   , Ghamar Poodine , Mahdi Ayyari * |
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Abstract: (249 Views) |
Background and Purpose: The application of natural smoke, particularly in traditional medicine, is prevalent in over 50 countries for therapeutic reasons; however, the chemical compositions and biological characteristics of many of these smokes remain inadequately identified. A notable instance is the medicinal smoke of Anbarnesa (the dung of the domesticated species Equus asinus), which has been traditionally employed to address various diseases. This study aimed to determine the chemical compositions of Anbarnesa smoke from both male and female donkeys and to explore its antioxidant capacity through GC/MS analysis.
Materials and Methods: Dung from both male and female donkeys (including immature and lactating ones) was gathered in the spring from the Meshginshahr region of Ardabil province. The smoke produced from their combustion was captured and concentrated in methanol. Following the extraction process, the samples were prepared for chromatographic analysis.
Results: A total of 53 compounds were detected across six distinct samples, all with identification percentages exceeding 90%. Among the primary components were phenolic compounds, including phenol, guaiacol, p-cresol, and o-cresol. The total phenol percentage in the samples ranged from 37% to 60%.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Anbarnesa smoke contains a substantial amount of phenolic compounds and exhibits considerable antioxidant properties, which may serve as a foundation for its therapeutic applications and additional studies. |
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| Keywords: Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Guaiacol, Smoke |
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Full-Text [PDF 782 kb]
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Memorial article: Origianal Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/02/12 | Accepted: 2025/05/27
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