Recognizing types of diseases, their causes, and symptoms are important topics in medicine, which play a very important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. In this article, we introduced the book Aqsam-ul-Amraz, which divided diseases and explained their causes and symptoms based on Persian Medicine. In 1275 AH, Hakim Muhammad Shams al-Din ibn Hakim Hissam al-Din ibn Hakim Khwaja Muin al-Din penned the 128-page Treatise on Aqsam-ul-Amraz based on Persian Medicine. The manuscript of this book is kept in Nizamiyya Library, Hyderabad, India. In this treatise, the definitions, causes, reasons, and symptoms of about 490 diseases are described from head to toe in five sections. The five chapters and titles of this book include: 1. Diseases according to organs; 2. Diseases specific to men; 3. Diseases specific to women; 4. Skin and hair; and 5. Fevers. Written in the 13th century AH, this book contains non-Persian words and terms in different sections, and covers important information about the definition and classification of diseases and their causes and symptoms. Despite a small volume, the treatise on types of diseases contains valuable and accurate information for familiarizing with diseases. This book briefly states the main and important contents related to diseases in a fluent and clear manner without addressing different opinions. This book can be used by researchers in the field of Traditional Persian Medicine.