“Al-Hawi” (The Continents) written by the famous Persian polymath scientist Rhazes, has been carefully studied in order to enlighten the contribution Iran has played in the development of medical science. Two hundred and eighty six sources including references to 112 scholars were investigated. From this list, a total of 20 books and references to 38 scholars have been recorded with mistaken identity in the literature. In this paper,biographical data of these scientists have been scrutinized with the a nticipation to provide areliable guide for further studies.