Herbal medicine, as an important part of traditional medicine, has been developed by famous scholars. “De Materia Medica” the valuable work of Dioscorides (1st CE) was translated into Arabic by Stephan Basil under the title of Hayula al-Teb. This work was further elaborated by several Moslem scholars and finally made available to the public in the 3rd Century CE. Indigenous pharmaceutical sciences were pioneered by Ebn al-Beitar the outstanding Muslim botanist and is the author of “Jame le Mofradat”. Other scholars who have contributed chapters to, or authored separate treatises on materia medica or pharmaceutical sciences were; Tabari (Ferdous al-Hekmat), Rhazes (Al-Hawi and Al- Mansouri), Heravi (Al-Abnieh), Avicenna (Al-Qanoon), Biruni (Al-Saidane), Jorjani (Zakhire), Shapor Sahl (an erudite from the School of Jondishapour and author of Gharabadin: the oldest Pharmacopoeia), Haji Zain al-Attar (Ekhtiarat-e-Badii), Hakim Momen (Tohfe) and Aghili Khorasani (Makhzan al-Advie).