Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM), as an integral part of the country's scientific and cultural heritage, occupies a prominent position in the upstream policy documents of the health system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. As a scientific and advisory institution, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has undertaken numerous initiatives in the fields of traditional medicine, complementary medicine, and medicinal plants in line with its role in health stewardship and the promotion of evidence-based policies. This study was conducted to examine and elucidate the actions, positions, and activities of the Academy in these areas during the period 2017–2025 (1396–1404 SH). This review study was based on the analysis of the Academy’s official documents and records, including policy briefs, expert opinions, statements, and official correspondence. The findings revealed that the Academy’s activities were primarily concentrated in three areas: the development of policy documents, the provision of expert opinions on proposals related to traditional and complementary medicine, and advocacy and follow-up on issues concerning public health. During the study period, a total of 60 communications were exchanged with relevant organizations, institutions, and stakeholders in these fields. The reviewed documents emphasized the use of robust scientific evidence, the rational integration of traditional medicine into the health system, the Ministry of Health’s oversight of service provision, the promotion of research and innovation, the standardization of services, and the prevention of unscientific interventions. Furthermore, the Academy adopted clear expert positions against the establishment of parallel structures within the health system and against the misuse of the capacities of traditional medicine. It appears that the continuation of this approach can contribute to safeguarding public health while creating the conditions for the scientific and effective utilization of the capacities of ITM within the framework of the country’s integrated health system.