Methods and Materials: This study is a research library that was extracted, analyzed and reported comments of Iranian physicians about the causes and types of melancholia.

Results: is divided into three general types: cerebral melancholia, mālenkholia-l-marāqqī and systemic melancholia. Many of the signs of cerebral melancholia are similar to that of depression in conventional psychiatry. In Persian Medicine sources, it is believed that an abnormally high level of black bile in the brain is the cause of melancholia.

Conclusion: According to Ibn Sina, the cause of melancholia in the three organs of the brain, heart and blood must be searched. Thus in the treatment of this disease should also be considered to treat heart diseases and blood disorders. It seems appropriate that this theory be used by researchers for clinical researches.