Background and Purpose: Evaluating the personality of prisoners that have committed violent crimes, is a key factor in preventing and decreasing the incidence of delicts. Based on Persian Medicine (PM), brain temperament (Mizaj of brain) can play a critical role in reactions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between violent crimes and Mizaj of brain in order to help prevent crime.
 
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Isfahan Central Prison in 2018. The brain Mizaj of criminal prisoners was assessed by a scientific form designed based on statements derived from PM resources. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18).
 
Results: In this study, 143 participants were enrolled, the majority of which were 21- 40 years old. Analysis of data showed that the incidence of violent crimes is related to presence of hot and dry qualities in brain Mizaj.
 
Conclusion: Characteristics of imprisoned criminals in this study are compatible with findings of other researchers. Specifications of participants in this study are related to hot and dry qualities in brain Mizaj. Lifestyle modifications, along with other modern therapies, can be crucial in reducing the incidence of violent crimes.

There is a paucity of research on the history of medicine in pre-Islamic Persia. There is, therefore, no in-depth and clear understanding of the medical tradition of that era. Some entries in encyclopedias and papers in journals, conference proceedings, and panels on the history of medicine in the Ancient Persia contain brief descriptions of medicine in the Sasanian era. Moreover, books on the history of medicine in the Muslim civilization or history of GondēŠāpur present some general knowledge about the subject. Thus, any inquiry of the subject may prove useful. One such inquiry is “An introduction to medicine in the Sasanid Era” (Moqhaddame-i bar Pezeshki dar doran-e Sasanian), by Arman Zargaran, which deals with Sassanid era’s medical tradition. This paper is a critique and evaluation of the book.
The book contains seven descriptive and analytical chapters. Despite suffering from some methodological weaknesses, it may serve as an illuminating experience in our research into the history of medicine in the Sassanid era. The book is a descriptive and analytical account of historical sources, coupled with the author’s insightful analyses and interpretations. It aims to portray a picture of medical tradition, and the status of medical practice and of practitioners in the Persian society of Sassanid era – an objective that the book has successfully accomplished.