1 2008-8574 Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran 519 Special Explanation of “taghtir ol bol” in traditional medical texts Which one? Dribbling or Pollakiurea Nojavan F. Hashemdabaghian F. Ghanbari Z. Nazem E. Kamalinejad M. Mokabberinejad R. 1 9 2015 6 2 97 108 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Lower urinary tract dysfunction disturbs the natural process of urine storage and voiding. It has many pathogenic effects on people's physical and mental health which today are the fundamental problems in the field of health. Studying ancients’ approach to disease of bladder and urinary symptoms can open a new chapter in the face with and treatment of such problems in both patients and therapists. Clarify and update medical concepts and terms mentioned in valid and ancient medical texts, is the first step. “taghtir ol bol” is a medical term that ancients have mentioned it under topics related to lower urinary tract dysfunction. Literature study shows that the term medical concept is beyond its literal meaning, which is a drop of urine, so we decided to focus on its explanation. Methods and Materials: Topics related to the bladder and lower urinary tract dysfunction with focus on “taghtir ol bol” were studied in ancient medical references. All related to definition and causes of “taghtir ol bol” were collected and analyzed. The results were summarized and categorized. The article was written in the form of a review-analytical study. Results: The results of the investigation indicate that perhaps the “taghtir ol bol”, is meant frequent urination, rather than a drop of urine. Its causes are from urine as a waste material or from the bladder and the muscle in bladder neck or from the participation of other organs with the bladder. Conclusion: “taghtir ol bol”  can be associated with other urinary symptoms such as “horghat ol bol”, “osr ol bol” and “salas ol bol”. In this case, the cause of these symptoms also makes “taghtir ol bol”. Difficult discharge of urine, which causes a drop of urine occurs more often in conditions which in them “taghtir ol bol” is due to “osr ol bol” etiologies.
510 Special Hepatoprotective Prospective Of Camel Milk In Liver Disease ; Modern And Iranian Traditional Medicine Hosseini S.M.R. Zibaee S. Yousefi M. Taghipour A. Noras M.R. 1 9 2015 6 2 109 115 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: In the traditional medicine of Iran Camel milk with food and several therapeutic  properties , especially in the liver and treat a variety of diseases referred. But new research to establish evidence -based statements of Iranian traditional medicine has been less  investigated . In this article is expressed, Research evidence related to the therapeutic effects of camel milk  in  liver  disease . Materials and Methods: We searched the Medline, silvica, Scopus ,SID,and ISC databases from 1970 to 2014, regulatory data for approved medications, and reference lists of included articles and sources of traditional medicine using software Nor-alteb was evaluated by key words. New research data from published articles , in accordance with the study and application of clinical Iranian traditional medicine category and ultimately to review the content , content and implementation of the study have been analyzed . Results: Many  applications  of Camel milk in the traditional medicine of the liver confirms its special effect on the members of the new medicine monitor research on camel milk has been the most widely studied liver . Several previous studies had experimentally proved the beneficial effects of camel milk. Recent studies have reported CM as possessing several beneficial characteristics in liver disease.Antibacterial and antiviral activities of these proteins of camel milk were studied . Conclusion: The present findings show that administration of CM exerts significant hepatoprotective.Evidence supports the benefit of Camel Milk  for liver disease. The findings also confirmed the statements of traditional medicine in camel milk, and  new ideas for medicine research , especially in viral hepatitis , poisoning , cirrhosis and liver Cancer offers . 514 Special Oxymels (Sekanjabin) in Persian Medicine: Kinds and Applications Salmannezhad H. Mozaffarpur S.A. Mojahedia M. Saghebi R. Sadeghpour O. Allameh H.A. Behmanesh E. Mahmoudpour Z. 1 9 2015 6 2 116 124 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Oxymel (sekanjabin) one of the important forms of traditional medicine, is compound of honey and vinegar as basic materials. In the preparation of various types of oxymel, other additives are used. Oxymels have many applications in keeping the human health and also the treatment of diseases.  Because of emphasis on this product in Persian Medicine (PM) and so many various kinds of it, paying attention to oxymel can disclose many new dietary and therapeutic comments and solutions. The aim of this study is surveying different kinds of oxymels and their principle applications, recorded in PM references. Material and Methods: This study is a review article. At first some important references in PM, including  “Ferdos al Hekmah”, “Qanon fi Tib”,” Zakhireh Kharazmshahi”, “Majma al Javemeh” from “Aghili Khorasani” (“ Makhzan al Advieh”, “Kholaseh al Hekmah”, “Gharabadin Kabir”) and “Gharabadin Salehi” were searched. Chapters and documents about oxymels were studied and the notes were extracted. Results: In our founding besides simple oxymels, different kinds of compound oxymils are presented by adding various kinds of materi medica to the base of honey and vinegar. They are recommended to use as health-keeping and different therapeutic goals. they are usually called by adding the name of added materia medica to oxymel. Conclusion: Because of beneficial effects of oxymel, we suggest that more applicable researches should be done to introduce this safe drinking to the families. 518 Special Panirak Amin Gh.R. Hajakhondi A. Zolfaghari B. Rahimi R. Soltani A. Shams Ardakani M.R. Shirzad M. Sadeghpour O. Taleb A.M. Minaei M.B. 1 9 2015 6 2 125 129 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Panirak is an annual or perennial herb from the family Malvaceae. In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), it is mentioned by entry of Khobbazi. Other names mentioned for it in ITM are Malukhia, Malukhie and Malukie. It has cold and moist temperament and is laxative, diuretic, opener of constrictions, and galactogogue. Its seed due to high content of mucilage is appropriate for dry cough, hoarseness and peptic ulcer. Evaluations demonstrate that Panirak is similar to Khobbazi barri saghir and the mentioned botanical descriptions for it in traditional medicine literatures is corresponding to two Malva species including Malva sylvestris L. with Persian name of “Panirak Pa boland” and Malva neglecta Wallr. with Persian name of “Panirak Ravandeh”. 512 Special Opening “Taftih” and Opener “Mofatteh” Drugs in Iranian Traditional Medicine Nazari S.M. Hamedi S.A. Mehri M.R. Hosseinzadeh H.R. 1 9 2015 6 2 130 137 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Iranian Traditional Medicine is a scientific school in the field of diagnosis and treatment has a long history. Obstructive disease and opener “Mofatteh” medications have a special place in Iranian traditional medicine. Scientists of traditional medicine had known the use of natural remedies with the mechanism of action and about treatment of obstructive diseases have provided different solutions. So according to the high prevalence obstructive disease (especially coronary artery and brain disease) in mortality and years of life lost, we decided to review the Iranian medical books and use from their opinions about Mofatteh drugs and their mechanisms. Materials and Methods: This study is an explanation review, after searching the original sources of traditional medicine, we extracted the “Mofateh” agents and  based on the consensus and emphasis philosophers about opening of  “Mofateh” drugs, every drugs have been given a point. Results: The results of this study showed that the opening process, has directly proportional to the materia nature, especially the hot temperament. 511 Special Causes of miscarriage from Iranian Traditional Medicine point of view Mokaberinejad R. Baery N. Rouhollahi M. Yosefi S.S. Bioos S. Tansaz M. Jafari Dehkordi E. Akhtari E. Tabarrai Arani M. Mahroozade S. 1 9 2015 6 2 131 145 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Miscarriage is one of the issues of concern in gynecology. The incidence of this problem is about 15-20%. Increased age of pregnancy and increased age of marriage are two point of the raised incidence of it. So the complications of abortion are more than normal delivery. These complications are physical and psychological that the couple has to endure... Materials & Methods: This article is based on review of all the reliable and available sources of Iranian Traditional Medicine such as Canon of Medicine, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi Results: We discussed the views of the Hokama about causes of miscarriage, types of abortion, symptoms and management of this problem in this article. Also we point to all the structural and functional problems in the couple, environmental factors and general or organic distemperament. Conclusion: It is expected that these information lead to manage the causes of abortion better than now. 509 Special Effects of honey with Nigella sativa mixture on Radiation-induced Diarrhea Mansouri-Tehrani H. Rabbani-Khorasgani M. Roayaei M. Ghanadi A.R. Hosseini S.M. 1 9 2015 6 2 146 155 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Diarrhea is a well-recognized side effect associated with pelvic radiotherapy. The change in the intestinal bacterial flora and increased permeability of mucous cells may cause radiation-induced diarrhea. In this research the effects of honey with Nigella sativa mixture against radiation –induced diarrhea are evaluated.  Honey is a putative nutritional with a variety of health effects, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic. Seed of Nigella sativa commonly known as black seed which is used in folk medicine in the Middle East such as Iran for the promotion of good  health and the treatment of a variety of ailments including Asthma, headaches, some infections, hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea. Materials and Methods: Forty-one adult patients with pelvic cancer were treated with pelvic radiotherapy for 5 weeks and randomized to receive honey with Nigella sativa mixture (30gr honey and 3gr Nigella sativa powdered in every day) (n = 17) or placebo capsules (n = 24). Diarrhea grade was recorded weekly according to the Common Toxicity Criteria system and scored the stool consistency grade using the Bristol scales. Results: Consumption of honey with Nigella sativa mixture was found to have a significant effect in decreasing in daily number of bowel movements (P = 0.004) and diarrhea grade (in fourth and fifth week; p = 0.001and p = 0.002 respectively) and also increasing in the stool consistency (in fourth and fifth week; p = 0.005and p = 0.015 respectively) in the patient when compared to the controls. The antidiarrheal drug necessity was observed in patients in the honey with Nigella sativa mixture group significantly less than the placebo group (p = 0.028) during the treatment. Conclusion: It seems that honey with Nigella sativa mixture can reduce the incidence of radiation-induced diarrhea and the need for anti-diarrheal medication. 513 Special Atopic dermatitis in traditional Iranian medicine and the role of Maa al- Jobon-e Aftimouni in its treatment Mehrbani M. Choopani R. Mehrabani M. 1 9 2015 6 2 156 171 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, itchy, inflammatory skin disease which has a profound impact on quality of life. The pruritic skin lesions lead to sleep disturbance, decreased performance and social activities of the affected individual in addition to financial expenses for the patient and his/her family and society. Mild atopic dermatitis can be controlled with emollients, antihistamines and topical corticosteroids, but severe cases often require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs (e.g., cyclosporine, azathioprine and systemic corticosteroids) with unfavourable side effects. Therefore, there is a tendency to use complementary and alternative medicines in atopic dermatitis. In traditional Iranian medicine, certain diseases have properties similar to those seen in atopic dermatitis, and all have been treated with Maa al-Jobon-e Aftimouni. Materials & Methods: This study deals with an explanation of atopic dermatitis by investigating both traditional and modern medicinal treatment of the disease. It tries to put forward a novel therapeutic approach to atopic dermatitis treatment by presenting Maa al-Jobon-e Aftimouni and specification of its potential activity. Results: Studies demonstrated that Maa al-Jobon (whey) and Aftimoun (Cuscuta sp.) have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, Maa al-Jobon can improve skin healing, decrease itching and increase the patient's ability to adapt to stress. Conclusion: It is hypothesized that Maa al-Jobon-e Aftimouni could be posed as a complementary treatment in atopic dermatitis. 515 Special The effects of cucumber and fish on the seizure threshold in mice Baha-aldini beigi zarandi F. Taghizadeh Sarvestani R. Inaloo S. 1 9 2015 6 2 172 178 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Cucumber, fish meat and some other foods have been mentioned as "cold" foods in Canon, a traditional medicine book written by Avicenna.  A "cold" food induces coldness in the body, this definition of cold foods and abstinence of them has been recommended to epileptic patients in this book. Here we show the effects of cucumber (cucumis sativus L.) and fish (strongylure leiura), as two "cold" foods, on the maximal electroshockseizure threshold in mice. Methods & Materials:This study was carried out on 23 locally bred white male mice, 25-35 g and aged 30-40 days. They were randomly assigned into three treatments, including water, fish meat and cucumber. All the test materials were administered by gavages (1ml/mice/day, 3 days). The Means of the thresholds for HLTE were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc dunnett’s test. Results: The means of the thresholds for maximal seizure (i.e., HLTE) were lower in the test groups (C.sativus, 21 mA and S. leiura, 32 mA vs. 91 mA in the control group). Conclusion: C. sativus and S. leiura significantly decreased the threshold of HLTE compared to the control group.Based on the findings of this research, caution should be taken when epileptic patients use C.sativus and S.leiura. 516 Special Studying and Analyzing Relationship between Consumption of Medicinal Plants and Different Climates in Iran Ameri F. Vahabi M.R. Seyfi Tizabi S.M. 1 9 2015 6 2 179 186 06 06 2015 06 06 2015 Background and Purpose: Study of interaction between human and nature that from the medical viewpoint, response of society to intensity of problems and from the natural resources viewpoint show necessity for presenting protective and supervisory programs for exploitation of natural habitats in these zones, Requires access to information and objective insight of cultural and social status of societies residing in different climatic zones of Iran which is obtained using social research. Materials & Methods: In order to acquire information and know about mechanism of medicinal plant consumption, the questionnaires enquired all family members of students in Isfahan University of Technology. Sample size was decided to be 682 families, and finally, 1047 questionnaires were collected. To study and compare views of statistical groups, one way ANOVA test was performed on data. Results: Results showed that ratio of medicinal plants consumers was the highest in cold region and the lowest in moderate regions (75.6 and 66.5%). Also residents of cold regions majorly use herbal medicine as steamed medicinal plants and residents of warm region use them as distilled liquids. Comparison of sources of medicinal plants showed that nature in the cold region and herbalist’s shop in the warm region are the most important sources of medicinal plants. Conclusion: It seems cold climatic conditions will cause more problems for residents of these regions. High dependency on nature and excessive harvesting of medicinal plants habitats in cold climate as the most important source of medicinal plants are regarded as a serious threat for destruction of habitats and it is inevitable to pay attention to correct exploitation based on scientific methods, to farm medicinal plants and cultivate them to preserve genetic reserves and exploit them sustainably.