1 2008-8574 Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran 147 Special Explanation of establishing iranain oral archive of history of medicine Ojagh F. Ghassemlou F. 1 12 2012 3 3 243 250 22 06 2012 09 09 2012 In fact, archives are very important tools for information retrival. Furthermore history of medicine has some gaps in current research. The main purpose of this study is to explain and make clear theoretical frameworks of oral archive of history of medicine in iran. For this purpose we use descriptive survey as research method. We show solution such as collection building, classification and preservation of archival material to establish an oral archive of history of medicine how create an informatic tools to access and retrieve information for scientific research.
148 Special Comprehensive Theoretical overview of Natural things(Tbyyh Affairs) in Iranian traditional medicine Salarvand SH. 1 12 2012 3 3 251 262 22 06 2012 13 09 2012 Introduction: Development of complementary medicine in the world, requires a detailed understanding of the fundamentals, principles and application of the right of the word, is inevitable. This study aimed to comprehensive review of the natural things in foundations of traditional medicine have been done. Method: This research study aims to collect an overview of theoretical principles of Iranian Traditional Medicine (Tbyyh Affairs) and the relevant texts from the Internet (Google, SID.ir, MEDLINE, Magiran, Iranmeddex) with the keywords, foudations, Iranian Traditional medicine in original references in Iranian Traditional medicine was done. Discussion: Theories and concepts of prevention, detection, recovery and treatment of diseases in traditional medicine based on holistic approach to the patient.Disorders in traditional medicine in the areas of physical, emotional, mental, spiritual and environment are treated simultaneously.In this study, the definition of medicine from the perspective of Iranian scientists, the characteristics of traditional medicine, traditional medicine theory and concepts, definitions of health and illness, factors affecting view of physicians of Iranian history, the issues that they intended to medicine. Conclusion: Holism -oriented philosophy of traditional medicine is a key element in all cases, So while writing in the field of traditional medicine (both herbal medicines and treatments based on traditional methods) to theories and concepts and use them in any kind of traditional medicine and cultural background to be considered.According to the theories and concepts of traditional medicine, prevention, detection, recovery and treatment is often based on specific needs of each patient is individually 149 Special Correction of sleep and wakefulness in different ages and geographic regions from Traditional Iranian Medicine viewpoint Soltani SH. Minae M.B. Besharat M. Karimi F. Nazem E. 1 12 2012 3 3 263 268 22 05 2012 16 09 2012 In the recent years, the World Health Organization recommends traditional medicine in combination with current medicine for human health improvement .One of the vital elements of traditional Iranian medicine,is the concept of prevention that is health maintenance by assiostance of six tools .One of these tools which plays an important role in life style correction ,is sleep and wakefulness .Existence of moisture in the brain is the reason of sleeping. From traditional Iranian medicine point of view of, arousal is a consciousness stimulation for all of body organs. Method of research in this study is a kind of library one by which evaluation of references of Traditional Iranian Medicine such as : Hefzoseha naseri, Hefzoseha naserolhokama , zakhire kharazmshahe , Jameosharheyn and Canon ,has been conducted. Since change in sleep and wakefulness can change the quality and temperament in human body , a change toward health or illness will also be possible .Therefore, changing the six tools such as sleep and arousal is very important in traditional Iranian medicine .We discuss sleep and wakefulness as a variable in age and various geographic areas as two indices. Regarding the conducted study and the importance of appropriate sleep and wakefulness toward health maintenance, we can conclude that sleep from traditional Iranian medicine point of view,in different individuals and conditions like various geographic regions, is not recommended the same. Interpretation of a proper pattern of sleeping for people in different ages and geographic regions, for prevention from diseases and health maintenance, has a great importance in traditional Iranian Medicine 150 Special Evaluate the effectiveness of honey in chronic rheumatoid arthritis Karami M. Salarian A. Hajighorbanizadeh Z. 1 12 2012 3 3 269 274 22 06 2012 05 09 2012 Introduction:Experience has proved more stolid Djar disease, rheumatoid arthritis are the texts of medicine today, the etiology of this disease, impaired immunologic know that destroys Joint (rheumatism) is medicine's treatment against the immunosuppressive drugs like steroids, NSAIDs destruction.Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease and Nahl chapter 68 verse of holy Quran it has been stressed. Results: The findings point to some of the 1 - primarily in traditional medicine to treat cold foods such as dairy especially yogurt and bread without bran. 2 - Use of animal and plant natural products that are hot Msamat blockers (Hungarian entry of toxins in the body's circulation to members) are like honey, cumin, and chamomile. 3 -Complementary therapies, such as cupping, cupping with blood, Depletion. 4 - Use of new generation anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids (inhibitors (Cox2 Clcoxibe and Immune suppressor such as Methotrexate. Aaccording to research done Honey contains 80 factor is beneficial to human health. In addition, bee therapy in those with rheumatoid factor (+) and new forms of drugs, including injections, ointments containing compounds in honey has an important impact on rheumatoid arthritis. Discussion&Conclusion: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis requires additional treatment such as honey is a healing method. So we can say that this verse of the Quran "68 of Nahl" is aimed, is to confirm that the doctors and and the previous holy book of Islam. 151 Special Presentation of Razavi dietary pattern on foundation of Resaleh Zahabieh of Imam Reza (AS) Esmeli S. Falahi F. Noormohammadi GH. 1 12 2012 3 3 275 284 22 05 2012 07 09 2012 Introduction: Preventive medicine is the most important way to health preservation and “Resaleh Zahabieh” is the oldest medical text and first book in preventive medicine and health preservation that was written in Islamic world and by one Muslim. This text has unique traits in container. "Resaleh Zahabieh" is very summery, but contains the most health preservation subjects. But nutrition is core of this text. Nutrition is one of the six principles of health preservation subjects in TIM. In Islamic training, the regard of eating and drinking principles has a characteristic position. Unsuitable nutrition is one of the most important etiologies in many diseases like as DM, DLP and CVD. On traditional medicine opinion, unsuitable nutrition is a main element in diseases, physiopathology, too. In this article, nutritional subjects on "Resaleh Zahabieh" have been studied and tried to present in format of one coherent pattern. Methods: The current study is a review (collection) study. In the beginning, various versions and explanations of “Resaleh” were collected. Text of“Resaleh” on Behar version compare with Khatoon Abadi version. Then, nutritional subjects were drawn out and translated. To better understanding the terms and phrases, reliable TIM books and the explanations were used. Finally, nutritional subjects were categorized. Results: Importance of eating and drinking planning, traits of an appropriate nutrition (quantity and quality of diet, eating form and sequence observation in feeding), drinking instruction, relation between diet and other human activities (like as sleep, cupping, travel and intercourse) and relation between diet and diseases are the results, topics of this research. Conclusion: “Razavi dietary pattern” can introduce a new pattern in prevention and treatment of nutritional based diseases. 152 Special Relief pain and the Mechanism of action of analgesic drugs in Iranian Traditional Medicine Hosseini Yekta N. Sadeghpoor O. 1 12 2012 3 3 285 292 22 06 2012 09 09 2012 Pain is the first sign of many diseases and is the most common cause of cosulting the doctor. Throughout the history, physicians have been trying to find a rapid and certain way of relieving the pain. In this study, pain mechanisms including variable intemperament and loss of continuity were analyzed from Iranian traditional medicine perspective. Furthermore, sedative drugs were categorized into true and untrue drugs. True drugs tend to overcome diseases and promote recovery, while the untrue drugs lead in reliving the pain temporarily with two mechanisms either moistening and to put to sleep or narcosis. The indications and the method for using these drugs are determined by the severity of the pains, the patient’s tolerance, and the involved organ. It seems that the recognition of the main cause of pains with different origins and the true drugs to relive them can decrease the use of sedative and narcotic drugs which are expensively consumed orally or as an intravenous injection. 153 Special A review of the antinociceptive use of medicinal plants in Iran Nasri S. 1 12 2012 3 3 293 310 22 05 2012 14 09 2012 In recent decades, because of many side effects of synthetic drugs, the medicinal plants has been attentioned a source of new drugs. Given that the analgesic effects in traditional medicine to large number of plants are mentioned. More research has been done in this subject, which is due to reviewing them. In this lecture, antinociceptive effect and the possible compounds of herbs and also probable mechanisms for the analgesic effect of these plants has been studied. 154 Special Antioxidant activity of Five Fruit Plant Species Mentioned in the Holy Qura’n and Ahadith Mirzaei A. Ghavami zadeh M. 1 12 2012 3 3 311 318 22 06 2012 03 09 2012 Aims: Fruits are one of the oldest varieties of food recognized for human being. In accord with to Qur’an, the fruits including grape, date, fig, olive and pomegranate are gifts and heavenly fruits of creator of the universe. The Holy Quran is one of the reference books describing the significance of plants used for different diseases in Surahs. Methods: The research work was conducted by complete and detailed information about five fruit important plant species mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and Ahadith. Plants species were arranged in systematic order of botanical names which followed by English, Quranic, local and family names. The antioxidant activity of five Hydroethanolic extract of Fruit Plant Species from Iran were analysed by three different methods (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2, azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline -6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). In addition, for determination of antioxidant components, total phenolic content was also analyzed. Results: The total phenolic content of fruits ranges from 36 to 149 mg Gallic acid/100g extract as measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau method. IC50 in DPPH varied from 0.3 to 3.83 mg/ml. FRAP ranged from 0.73 to 10.58 mmol of Fe (II)/ 100 g extract. The range of total antioxidant activity by TEAC method was 0.91 to 12.4 µmol trolox/g. Pattern of Antioxidant activity in fruits including pomegranate > olive > grape > date > fig. Conclusion: Herbal medicines are being widely used in the world because of good cultural accept potential, smallest amount of damaging and less side effects 155 Special Plant therapy in Persian poem Moeini M. Kolahdouzan A. 1 12 2012 3 3 319 332 22 05 2012 04 09 2012 Human brings always look after nature and its feature to improve their life and it becomes first line of human knowledge. In this way, knowing different aspect of medical plant has old history surviving them cause catching historical knowledge . We can see, some aspect of plant therapy in different universal culture. This subject in Persian poem, widest area of Iranian culture, has important aspect. Iranian poets point to the medical plants and its applications and they use it in mysticism, lyric, … Surviving this significant aspect in Persian poets shows importance of medical plant between Iranian .We see how poets connect some of their knowledge to the poems. By studing these works we can see using that knowledge today . 156 Special Patient rights in the history of Persian and Islamic hospitals from beginning to 8 Century Hijri Ahmadi A. Zargaran A. Mohagheghzadeh A. 1 12 2012 3 3 334 340 22 05 2012 16 09 2012 The history of hospitals in Iran goes back to about 1700 years ago. Hospitals are created by Persians in history of Medicine and developed in Islamic golden age. Consideration about patient rights in Hospitals as an important historical factor can help to shed light of Iran and Islam role in medical development during the history. In this article, patient rights in hospitals throughout the history of Iran and Islam were considered, including 1) educational and medical roles of hospitals, 2) hospital parts, 3) hospital locations, and 4) treatment for different social classes. According to findings, attention to patient rights in Persian and Islamic hospitals, unlike of Europe were very important and many of their procedures in this field can be useful in current medicine. 157 Special Shiraz Medical Doctrine from Al-Bouyeh Period to Beginning of Safavid dynasty Golshani A Foruzani A. Ghafouri Z. Kevenjoun N. 1 12 2012 3 3 341 350 22 06 2012 09 09 2012 The quality systems of medical knowledge among different civilizations and the importance of the family has medical capabilities. One of these systems, Shiraz Medical School that historians and scholars of late has been less attention. Due to the length of expansions and subject to the review of the medical school of the Safavid Shiraz to start - pay. Scientific school of Shiraz, dubbed Dar-ol Elm takes to spare, having scientific schools, hospitals and medical centers and libraries had been equipped with an international reputation. Great scholars and scientists in this field began to establish schools that have developed new ways of medicine, medical progress and prosperity, were the cause. In this study we examine the major medical schools. 158 Special India medicine transfer to the muslim world Mohammadi BolbolanAbaad B. Alhoei Nazari Z. 1 12 2012 3 3 351 368 22 06 2012 03 09 2012 In history, the issue of influence of medical traditions on each other is not unknown. For instance, we can point out the influence of Islamic medicine on Indian medicine. Indian Territory as the cradle of the largest human civilization, with climatic, ethnic, regional and cultural diversity, is the emerging field of medical schools. Its natural, environmental and geographical characteristics, variety of vegetation, and also the integration of primary types of medicine with spiritual and religious issues have caused Indian medicine to be manifested in different forms of medicine, surgery, herbal therapy and pharmacology and its achievement has entered Islamic civilization through intellectual and cultural centers of neighboring nations of those days. By pointing out to the ways of transmission of Indian medicine to Islamic civilization, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Indian physicians on development of medical knowledge and also to study the influence of Muslim physicians in Islamic world. this study intends to rely on existing resources the library to explore the ways of transferring these science to the area of Islamic civilization. The basic findings of this study suggest that since Abbasian Period onwards, Muslims have started to adapt Indian medical science directly or indirectly. And besides taking influence from other nations, especially regarding some signs, they have been under the influence of Indian medicine. 159 Special Hospitals of Buyid Dynasty Azimi R.S. 1 12 2012 3 3 369 376 22 06 2012 02 09 2012 Medicine is one of the few disciplines which flourished during the Islamic era especially during the first three centuries. The presence of Jundi Shapour physicians and the support of few Abbasside Caliphates helped this branch of science grow rapidly during this period. With the Buyid Dynasty coming into power and taking the control of western parts of the country especially Baghdad, the capital city of Islamic empire, these changes became faster. Therefore, the study of medical activities at the time of Buyid Dynasty as a link in the chain between the pre-Islamic era and the post-Islamic period can be of paramount importance. This thesis aims to study the hospitals operative at this period. The findings show that the incessant support of Buyid Rulers especially Azoddoleh greatly boosted the hygienic and health conditions of the society. The consequence of this support led to the attraction of qualified physicians and scientists who despite various problems could greatly contribute to the medical science by writing books, translating reference books etc., an achievement which established the foundation of western medical science later 160 Special Hakim Yousefi and Riyaz al-Adviyye Mobli M. Hamedi SH. Memariani Z. Ghobadi A. Bozorgi M. Farzaei M.H. Esfahani M.M. Khanavi M. Shams Ardakani M.R. 1 12 2012 3 3 377 381 22 06 2012 15 09 2012 History has seen many famous doctors during Iranian post-Islamic medicine that caused escalation of Medicine. Among them, Yousef-ibn-Mohammad- ibn- Yousef Heravi, known as Hakim Yousefi, is one of Iranian famous wises and physicians. Despite his great fame, there is little information about his life. He was a native of Khaff in Khorasan. He lived in Herat in 10th century. Then, He went to India because of fears Qizilbash. He has written many books including: versified book Alaj-al- Amraz , Jame- al- Favayed , Badaye-al- Ensha, six nessesary point of health book (Sette Zarooriyye), booklet of Signs of urine (Dalael al-Bol), booklet of Sign of pulse (Dalael al- Nabz) and many other books and booklets. Hakim Yousefi was an active doctor and gifted poet that introduction of him and his books can be contributed to the development of traditional medicine and pharmacy. One of his books is Riyaz-al-Advieh that is included two sections and a brief end. The purpose of this review was to introduce prominent physician and his books, specially Riyaz-al-Advieh to the fans of traditional medicine.