Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Intestine vessels
143
147
FA
M.
Bhrami
Y
E.
Nazam
N
R.
mastari farahani
N
M.
kamalinejad
N
M.
keshavarz
N
The precedent scholars and physicians have resorted various methods for diagnosis and treatment of diseases by understanding the nature of human actions. Iranian traditional medicine in ancient sources. In the ancient sources of the Iranian traditional medicine, the displacement and transmission mechanism of diseases has been discussed based on natural laws through the intestine vessels to justify a group of diseases. The present study aimed to explain the intestine vessels by reviewing some of the Iranian medical literature including human nature of Hippocrates and Sharh Tashrih Qhanoon of Ibn Nafis.
Intestine vessels is one of the major issues which has been used in the ancients’ resources in the nature and anatomy of the human body to explain some of the diagnosis and treatment mechanisms. However, the displacement of diseases and their transformation into other diseases is the case that modern medicine has not addressed in the basic and clinical issues. n spite of technological advances recent developments in medicine, the causes of many chronic diseases are still unknown. Thus, it seems that knowledge of medical terminology and scientific language of medical schools, particularly Iran is necessary to use the written medical resources to propose new solutions for faster diagnosis and treatment of diseases and highlighting the position of the Iranian ancient medicine principles in the scientific debates.
Intestine Vessels - Iranian Ancient Medicine
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-134-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Nausea and Vomiting from the Perspective of Modern and Traditional Medicine
148
154
FA
M. A.
Kamali
N
M.
Mazaheri
N
M.
Borhani
N
M.
Babaeian
N
A.M.
Sharifi
N
M.
Elsagh
N
M.R.
Haji Heydari
N
M.
Yavari
N
M.
Avijgan
N
P.
Adibi
adibi@med.mui.ac.ir
Y
A. R.
Ghannadi
N
Among the most common reasons of the patients’ referral to gastroenterology clinic and other clinics is nausea and vomiting. It would largely affect the normal life of the patient if it is not treated.
Nausea and vomiting are two words in modern medicine usually used to describe the disease. Extensive studies have been conducted in order to prevent and treat the disease. There are also many recommendations in this area. The four words of Nausea, Gheysan, Taghallob-e-Nafs and Puke were used in the Iranian traditional medicine. A main cause and seven partial reasons called "Causes and Reasons" and other factors were mentioned as the causes of vomit and nausea. The Iranian traditional medicine discussed the role of phlegm mixing, the stomach weakness, food corruption in the stomach and the involvement of other organs in the incidence of this disease. Then, the prevention and treatment is established based on the cause of the disease and pathogen phlegm. Sometimes it is possible that the main cause of this disease exists in other organs such as the brain, liver, spleen and other organs (the participation of organs). In this case, the main treatment should address the problem of that organ. The color of vomiting material reveals the phlegm type and substance that caused puke. The relationship between the regurgitation and stomach content and weakness is also mentioned in this medicine. In special cases, voluntarily regurgitation with diagnosis and monitoring by qualified doctor as the prevention and treatment to rid the body of wastes is another issue in the Iranian traditional medicine.
Nausea, Iranian Traditional Medicine, Modern medicine, Gheysan, Vomit
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-135-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
A Review on excitements in Iranian Traditional medicine
155
161
FA
M.
Mosaddegh
N
N.
Shariatpanahi
dr_nshariat@yahoo.com
Y
M.B.
Minaee
N
M.M.
Ahmadian Attari
N
Health and prevention of diseases are gaining more and more significance, recently. In addition to physical and social aspects, psychological aspects are considered as the most important part of the health as well. According to World Health Organization (WHO), health is a state of complete physical, social and psychological well-being. In other words, modern medicine believes that psychology has irrefutable effect on health, and without mental well-being, complete health could not be accessible. Among mental states, excitement is one of the most important issues. Anger, fear, sadness and joy are the main subjects of excitement. In order to improve the quality of life, major contribution is allocated to research on psychological aspects of human being life at the universities and research centers.
Like modern medicine, Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) has special attention to physical and mental conditions of human being. ITM believes in six health providing essential principles (SETEH ZAROREYEH) including climate, eating and drinking, sleeping and waking, motion and rest, retention and vomiting, and excitement. Excitement has a very important role among these principles either in prevention or treatment of diseases. This study resulted in providing definition and characteristics of excitement in general and anger, fear, sadness and joy in particular based on ITM manuscripts. Moreover, the importance of excitement and its effect on having better life as well as curing related diseases are discussed too.
Psychology, Excitements, Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM)
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-136-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Explanation the definition of constipation and compare its different causes in Iranian traditional medicine and modern medicine
162
173
FA
A.
Mozaffarpu
Y
M.
Mojahedi
N
Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common side effects of the new style of life. There is no single definition of constipation. Metode and Materials: This study, is a library based and literature review that definite constipation, and compare its different causes in view of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) with modern medicine Results: causes of constipation in views of ITM summarized in a table with categories and were matched with the causes of constipation from the perspective of modern medicine. Discussion: Definition of constipation in ITM is different from modern medicine, so that in traditional medicine, much earlier diagnosis of constipation is defined and number of normal defecation is more than what is suggested in modern medicine. So, there is no complete matching of these two definition. Overview of traditional medicine in health and disease, is a pragmatic and holistic perspective, while Viewpoint of modern medicine to human, health , disease is positivistic and organ- based (not holistic). As a total view, it seems that some of the causes in ITM is matchable with some in modern medicine. But the causes of constipation in ITM, is more pragmatic and more inclusive. While the causes of constipation in modern medicine, despite the greater accuracy in the classification, have less Generality, so that functional constipation with a prevalence of 90% is failed to properly be classified.
Defecation, Constipation, Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), Modern medicine
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-137-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Acute dermal irritation and sensitization tests on dermal application of Anethum graveolens L. oil-based Dill(Marham-e-Shevid).
174
182
FA
M.
Naseri
N
M.
Kodadoost
N
F.
Ghaffari
N
M.
kamalinejad
N
Sh.
Shariatpanahi
N
A.
Davati
N
A.
Mozaffarpor
N
N.
Ostad
Y
Background: Inflammation is a one of common medical problems. Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimulants, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are the main medications used to reduce pain and inflammation in damaged tissue, but they have a lot of side effects. Traditional medicine schools can be considered as a source of many new therapeutic methods and medicines. Furthermore, now today there are a large number of traditional pharmaceutical products used in the world for treatment of diseases. Extraction of Anethum Graveolens L. (Marham-e-Shevid) is used as a local application to reduce inflammation, however, profile of such drug are not fully understood. One of important test for dermal application is skin irritation and sensitization test. This study was designed to examine this test.
Material and Method: In this study, extraction of Anethum Graveolens L. (Marham-e-Shevid) was investigated in animals following standard procedures for irritation and sensitization tests.
Results: The skin irritation test on rabbits showed that this product is not irritant. Furthermore sensitization test on mice by the Mouse Ear Swelling Test (MEST) method revealed that Marham-e-Shevid to be non-sensitizer.
Discussion: Given the proven anti-inflammatory effects of this drug in the previous study and based on the results from this study suggest that this drug does not have dermatotoxicity side effects Therefore, this drug can be used as a topical anti-inflammatory product
inflammation, Traditional Iranian Medicine, Anethum graveolens L.
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-138-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-138-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
The efficacy and safety of topical Oliban oil in relieving the symptoms of knee pain (vajaol-rakbe).
183
190
FA
Z.
Emami Razavi
N
M.
Karimi
mehrdadkarimi@yahoo.com
Y
M.
kamalinejad
N
Background: Oliban oil is frequently used in daily rheumatologic practice in Traditional Iranian Medicine, but its benefit, remains to be evaluated. Using of Oliban oil offers an alternative to oral treatment and Topical NSAID therapy, with the potential for a reduced knee pain and outcomes. Up to now, there is no research about of Oliban oil effects in knee pain. The objective of this trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of topical Oliban oil in relieving the symptoms of knee pain (vajaol-rakbe).
Methods: We identified 183 men and women with knee pain that adapted to The American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria for the classification of osteoarthritis and inclusion criteria. The participants were randomly assigned classified into three groups to apply topical treatment their painful knee for 6 weeks: Oliban oil as intervention group, sesame oil as control group and diclofenac gel as usual and positive control group. The degree of knee pain was quantified by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Pain. Safety was evaluated with Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (v4. 2010).
Results: Efficacy: In K.O.O.S pain score, The intervention group showed an improvement in the pain and symptoms compared with the control group (P = 0.04) but Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Sport and Recreation (Sport/Rec) and Knee-related Quality of Life (QOL) don’t improvement significantly. The V.A.S. scores were significantly better for the patients who applied the the Oliban oil and topical diclofenac gel than for those who applied the sesame oil (p = 0.02).Furthermore, The intervention group showed an improvement in the pain compared with the diclofenac group (P = 0.03). Safety: safety assessments showed that topical Oliban oil caused skin pruritus in 1/48 (o.o2%).
Conclusion: this controlled drug trial demonstrates the potential efficacy and safety of topical Oliban oil in symptomatic treatment of knee pain and with only minor local skin pruritus.
Oliban oil, visual analogue scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, knee pain, Criteria for Adverse Events, traditional Iranian medicine, vajaol-rakbe
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-139-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Razi\'s and Sadi-Shirazi\'s viewpoints on purification of the soul and moral correction
191
199
FA
GH.R.
Kord Afshari
N
M.
Moghimi
mmoghimi60@yahoo.com
Y
H.
Mohammadi Kanari
N
The book "Spiritual Medicine"- today meaning the moral psychology- is an everlasting work of Abobakr Mohammad ebn Zakaria ebn Yahya Razi, and he introduces it against corpse medicine- body medicine. This text is a free perception of Hakim Mohammad ebn Zakaria Razi's book "Spiritual Medicine", to which some poetry of the moralist, Sadi Shirazi has been added. Razi has begun this book praising intellect and wisdom, suppressing and disobeying carnal desires, and then introduces the kinds of soul and human's defects, and finally speaks about coordination and cooperation among people in civil society, refraining from worldliness, and dread of death. Also, Sadi emphasizes all these features in his poetry. Altogether, Spiritual Medicine is a medicine of morality and refers to that aspect of human which forms his psychological structure, social interactions, and immaterial needs. And if people, beside body medicine, try to achieve it, they will take steps to develop a utopia.
Razi, Sadi, soul, moral correction.
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-140-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Classification of sports in Iranian Traditional Medicine
200
204
FA
M.B.
Siahposh
mar.siahposh@yahoo.com
Y
M.
Ebadiani
N
GH.R.
Shah Hoseini
N
M.M.
Esfehani
N
A.R.
Nikbakhtnasrabadi
N
H.
Dadgostar
N
According to Iranian Traditional Medicine, exercise is very important to health preservation and it has been explained a lot of profits for it and according to some philosophers' such as aviccena idea, to health preservation, it is prior to another things even nutrition. Getting the most profits from exercise, proportional sports to every body have been suggested. Actually, sports have been located in different groups and each group, includes specific effects on body. This studi,s aim is recognition of different groups of exercise and their effects on human body, in the shape of sport classification in Iranian Traditional Medicin, inorder to recommendation of appropriate and proportional activity to persons. Using the qualitative study approach of content analysis type, subjects that had been extracted from samples about Sport classification, which had been chosen based on the purposive method from Iranian Traditional Medicine books, were analysied.
Iranian Traditional Medicin, Sport classification, Qualitative research
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-141-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Ebnesina’s Philosophical Point Of View About TheGeriatrics
205
210
FA
M.
sharghi
M.sharghi55@yahoo.com
Y
M.
Gheias
N
The Essay aim is search of Ebnesina’s Point of view about the Geriatricsand rooting the phrase and important medicine and hygiene major out that has been mis ascribed to scientific finding in late 20thcentury. For achieving this aim, after computerizing the complete book of law in the medicine which was written by Ebnesina (was translated by abdolrahmansharaphcandy) , we have looked for words like old age and dotage and we have found that a majority of current words that are related to theGeriatrics, there are in chapters and main subjects of this book. This book consist of the lengthy explanation about the elderly hygiene, their diet, their apt drinks, their sport, their rest, so on as well other subjects such as effect of environment on premature aging, effect of infertile and fertile on starting point of old age, effect of old age on sensitiveness and resistance against infectious diseases and sever fevers and fatal pains. So this bookrecognized principals of theGeriatricsand its difference with medicine in others ages. With due attention to increase of life expectancy at our country and obvious changes at top of age pyramid that led to increase of the elderly population and increase of their medical and health needs, it is necessary to think about establishing of this major and thisimportant medicine branch in the third millennium AD. Of course we must consider Ebnesina’s thoughts and World Health Organization’s emphases at this way.
Geriatrics,Ebnesina , Law in medicine
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-142-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Borago Officinalis in the History of Science
211
216
FA
A.R.
Abed
Y
R.
Safaran khozani
N
M.
Minaeian
N
A.R.
Ghannadi
N
Medicine is a science that is old as the human life, as the pain and suffering is a part of human life. Iranians have long been a leader in science and culture. The brilliance of Iranian scholars is obvious to all and shows off on the apex of the history of science. Traditional medicine in Iran is a keepsake that great Iranian scholars gifted us. Baraginceae (Echium amoenum Fisch. Et Mey) was long known in Iran. The morphological and therapeutic characteristics of this plant have been recorded with a certain delicacy like many other plants by Iraninan physicians. In the past, this plant has been known as enlivening and nutritious of board members and senses, laxative of Soda and bile routine and treatment for soda, meningitis and pleurisy diseases. Nowadays, some of above properties have been proven through experimental investigations. The aim of the present study is to comparative analysis of aforementioned properties by review of the Iranian sources of traditional medicine on this treatment plant and a review of recent scientific evidences in the field of therapeutic properties of this plant to prove the valuable scientific legacy of the predecessors. This in turn could be the beginning of the expansion of the frontiers of knowledge in Islamic Republic of Iran.
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-143-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-143-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
The Content Analysis of Articles The 1st Volume of Medical Encyclopedia of Islam and Iran
217
235
FA
F.
Ebrahimzadeh
faheb@yahoo.com
Y
The present study has focused on the content analysis of articles published in The Medical Encyclopedia of Islam and Iran. This is an applied study which is performed using content analysis. The population of this research includes the only published volume published of The Medical Encyclopedia of Islam and Iran (Volume 1). The 1st volume consisted of 389 articles. Due to the limited published volumes of the encyclopedia, sampling was not performed and all articles of the Volume 1 were examined. The articles were studied for collecting data. The required were recorded in a control list that was designed based on the fundamental questions. The results of this study are as follows: The review of the authors of the articles showed that the majority (43.75%) of authors have a master's degree and women (52.34%) were involved in the production of articles more than men (47.66%). Also, most authors (92.19%) are of Iranian origin. The investigation of the encyclopedia articles showed that of 389 articles, 370 articles (95.12%) were original articles and 19 articles (4.88%) were translated articles. Among them, 219 (56.3%) belong to individuals, 106 (27.25%) to specific topics, 41 (10.54%) to the subject of books and publications, 15 (3.85%) to the general theme and 8 articles (2.06%) belong to other topics. Each article include 2.64 pages of the encyclopedia on average and 16.58 citations per paper have been used on average. Also, among the studied articles, a total of 106 images are used only in 93 articles and 296 articles contain no images. The investigation of the citations used in encyclopedia articles showed that that of 6451 total citations in Volume 1, the most citations (66.98%) were in languages other than Persian and only 33.02% of the citations are in Persian. In general, Arabic is allocated itslef the highest citations with 49.31%. The review of the publication time of citations revealed that the most citations (54.15%) are in Gregorian date. and then Hijri date (36.8%) and AH (4.84%). The results showed that the most frequent cited authors in the articles were Ibn Abi Asibae with a frequency of 128. The most frequent cited reference was Uyun Al-Anba-Fi- Tabaghate-Al-Ateba book (in Arabic) of Ibn Abi Asibae with a frequency of 123. Also, no significant relationship was found between number of citations and nationality of authors. However, it was found that there is direct significant relationship between the time of publication and citation count.
Content Analysis, Encyclopedia, Islamic Medicine, Medical Encyclopedia of Islam and Iran
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-144-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
Khārshotor and Taranjebin
235
238
FA
GH.R.
Amin
amin@tums.ac.ir
Y
M.
Khanavi
khanavim@sina.tums.ac.ir
N
B.
Zolfaghari
N
R.
Rahemi
N
A.
Soltani
N
M.R.
Shams Ardekani
N
M.
Shirzad
N
O.
Sadeghpor
N
A.M.
Taleb
N
A.R.
Ghannadi
N
M.
Karami
N
M.
Keshavarz
N
A.
Mohagheghzadeh
N
F.
Moattar
N
B.
Minae
N
Khārshotor, also known as Oshtorkhār, Hāj, Āqūl and Davatikāni in Iranian traditional literatures, is a perennial thory herb which produces manna named Taranjebin based on activity of a kind of Larinous or Pophilus species in some regions of Iran (especially south of Khorasan). There are some reports of this plant inIranian traditional medicine such as restraint, detergent, apertive agent, and antidote of poisons. It is useful for hemorrhoids both internally and externally. Its distilled water is diuretic and beneficial for treatment of kidney stones. Also, Taranjebin is nominated as laxative and expulsive agent for yellow bile. Here, it is tried to determine names of the plant and related manna according to characteristics mentioned in traditional Iranian literatures. Characteristics of “Kharshotor” and its related manna in traditional medicine are completely matched with Alhagi persarumBoiss. Buhse. Syn: Alhagi camelorum L. from the family Papillionaceae
Khārshotor, Taranjebin.
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-146-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf
Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
2008-8574
3
2
2012
9
1
239
242
FA
M.
Mazaheri
Y
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-145-en.html
http://jiitm.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf