Background and Purpose: The Capper, with thousands-year antiquity, is one of the most important plants derived from Capparidaceae species which is widely spread in Iran and the globe. Several ancient scholars work out on Caper, so that numerous ancient reliable medical and pharmaceutical textbooks have referred to its therapeutic and pharmaceutical properties. Several recent studies also have been supported its therapeutic effects. The present comparative review study tries to follow Capper from past to present time.

Methods and Materials: This review has been conducted based on the reference library. Firstly, the standard and reputable traditional and modern medical and pharmaceutical textbooks were reviewed, and then the databases were searched for photochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Caper.

Results: Based on the findings in traditional sources, Capper has been applied specifically for hepatosplenic diseases and opening their obstructions. In recent studies, numerous animal research have indicated to anti-diabetics, anti-hypertensive, anti- hyperlipidemia ,anti- oxidant and anti-microbial as well as hepatoprotective effects and, etc.

Conclusion: Regarding presence of scientific and research history, it is necessary to comprehensively study on traditional medicine literature about Caper in order to provide reliable documents to scholars and physicians.